How to cite a retracted paper
Quick answer
Always append [Retracted] in square brackets after the title. Include the retraction notice as a second reference.
Why this one is tricky
Retracted papers are still cited — and citing them without noting the retraction is misleading.
Example (APA 7)
Author, A., & Colleague, B. (2019). Title of the paper [Retracted]. Journal Name, 42(3), 123–145. https://doi.org/10.1000/example. Retraction notice: Journal Name, 43(1), 1.
Most common mistake
Citing a retracted paper without flagging it — this has been linked to perpetuating fraudulent science.
Citing a retracted paper more than once?
Use the free Citation Generator for a single reference, or upload your whole .docx to DEEPNOTIS to handle every tricky citation at once.
Last updated: 5 May 2026